A 78-year-old male patient was brought via the Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) service to our hospital for urgent angiography. He had been discharged a week ago, after presenting with chest pain and undergoing Primary Percutaneous intervention (PCI) to the Left Circumflex artery, followed by Permanent pacemaker insertion for treatment of Sick Sinus Syndrome. CT Coronary angiography/CT Chest demonstrated a right ventricular lead perforation, alongside an occlusion in the mid-distal segment of the recently inserted stent in the circumflex artery. The diagnosis required careful interpretation of the pacing check, and a high clinical suspicion of lead perforation. The perforated lead was removed, and a new lead positioned in the Right ventricular septum the following day. There was also an attempt to open the occluded circumflex artery, but this was unsuccessful.

We present a 35-year-old male who sustained a right hip GSI. Delayed THA with a two-step sequential approach is feasible management in this situation in order to manage soft tissue and decrease infection rate. At one-year follow-up visit the pain was relieved and function improved significantly and had no complaints.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent sinonasal inflammation and sinus microbiome dysbiosis. Nasal polyps (NPs) is one of the main manifestations which cause diverse clinical symptoms of CRS. We conducted a bibliometric and visual analysis of CRS and NPs articles published between 2003 and 2022 to provide researchers with the current state of research and potential directions. Method: We used a systematic search strategy to search relevant articles in the databases of the Web of Science from 2003 to 2022. VOSviewers, Bibliometrix R package, and CiteSpace were used to perform the bibliometric analysis. Results: 3,907 publications, including 3,266 “articles” and 641 “reviews” were retrieved. The USA made the highest contributions to global research, followed by China; furthermore, Northwestern University, Capital Medical University, and Sun Yat-Sen University had the highest number of publications. A total of 12,894 authors participated in this research, with the most published author being Bachert C., followed by Schleimer Robert P. and Schlosser Rodney J.. And the authors with the most co-citations were Bachert C., Fokkens W.J., and Gevaert P. 428 journals had published the articles of this research. Moreover, the journal with the most publications was the International Forum Of Allergy & Rhinology and the Journal Of Allergy And Clinical Immunology received the most citations. “Covid-19”, “biologic”, and “type 2 inflammation” were the top current research hotspots. Conclusion: The United States and Northwestern University were the leading country and institution in researching CRS and NPs. And Bachert C. is the most influential expert. The International Forum Of Allergy & Rhinology published the most articles, and the Journal Of Allergy And Clinical Immunology got the highest number of citations. Moreover, “Covid-19”, “biologic”, and “type 2 inflammation” were the trending topics.

It is shown experimentally a new digital optical decoding scheme based on the transmission or polarized light at p polarization planes using a K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm through a single-mode optical fibre at 633 nm. The optical power signal is sent at p polarization planes which constitute p classes required for signal bit recognition. Results show that it is possible to recognize 32 polarizations planes, 5 bits, using 4 features corresponding to the measurement of optical power at 4 different angles at the photodetector side with an average assertiveness of 99.1%.

The Fe2+ activated persulfate and H2O2 (Fe2+/KPS/H2O2) system achieved 94% removal of four mixed sulfonamides with 300 s treatment and possessed excellent complementarity and stability in a wide of pH (3 – 11) and temperature (5 – 65 ℃). The quenching and electron spin resonance spectrometer results confirmed that sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals coexisted in the coupled system and were responsible for eliminating sulfonamides under ambient conditions. Experimental determination and density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the reaction rate constants of sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals at possible reactive sites distinguished the difference in removal ratios of four sulfonamides. The removal ratio of sulfathiazole was higher than others because its calculated reaction rate constants of sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals were higher than those of sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfamethazine. The finding provided a reference for investigating the removal mechanism of mixed organic pollutants when multiple free radicals coexist.

When acting as the shared energy storage and participating in electricity market services, the schedulable capacity that shared electric vehicle (shared EV) will provide to the grid needs in future time needs to be predicted accurately. This research first proposes a method to construct a schedulable capacity dataset for shared EVs based on publicly available shared vehicle rental service data. Secondly, a schedulable capacity evaluation model based on model-agnostic meta-learning, convolutional neural network, long short-term neural network and attention mechanism (MAML-CNN-LSTM-Attention) is proposed. Through the model, the aggregated schedulable capacity of shared EVs in different functional communities for the coming 60 minutes is predicted. Model uses MAML to fine-tune the meta-prediction network through multi-task training to quickly adapt to feature changes caused by different travel habits of different functional communities; CNN-LSTM is used to learn spatial features of schedulable capacity and efficiently extract high-dimensional temporal features from historical sequences; Attention mechanism is used to further improve model prediction accuracy. Simulations show that the model proposed in this paper outperforms other existing models and can reliably predict the schedulable capacity for different date types and functional areas, providing useful decision aids for shared EV operators to participate in market services.

The high penetration of renewable energy resources integrated via power electronic inverters in weak and low-inertia grids is introducing new challenges to power systems. Inverter-based resources (IBRs) do not have native inertia similar to fossil-fuel-based generators and can cause sustained oscillations and instability. Synchronous Condensers (SynCons) are considered as a reborn technology to provide a solution for system strengthening and inertia supporting in IBR-dominant power systems. Although SynCons are a well-known technology, additional assessment for analyzing the stability of a weak grid with a high penetration of renewable resources in the presence of SynCons is required. This paper proposes a quantitative index for the stability analysis of a system, which includes black-boxed IBRs and SynCon. The proposed index is stemmed from impedance-based stability analysis. In this paper, the impact of a SynCon on the proposed stability index is evaluated in a single-machine infinite-bus system, and its accuracy is also verified in an IEEE 39-bus system. Additionally, the findings are verified using time-domain simulation tests in PSCAD/EMTDC software.

Introduction: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is the most common cause of childhood epiphora. Congenital NLDO is usually conservatively management in the first year of life, failing which surgical interventions such as syringing and probing (S&P), insertion of stents (intubation) or dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) are offered in a stepwise manner. Methods: This is a retrospective study at a tertiary paediatric hospital. Nasolacrimal surgeries were retrieved from Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) data for a 5-year period between May 2017 to April 2022. Retrospective case note review was undertaken looking into demographics, presentation, surgical interventions, and outcomes (resolved, partially resolved or persistent). Results: In our institution, NLDO surgeries are performed on a joint ophthalmology/ENT list. A total of 301 procedures were performed on 218 patients (293 eyes). Causes for epiphora were Congenital NLDO (n=193, 88.5%), Secondary NLDO (n=10, 4.6%), Dacryocystitis/Mucocele (n=8, 3.67%) among others. Median age at first procedure was 26 months (range 2-189). Median number of procedures for congenital NLDO is 1(range 1-5). Complete resolution of symptoms was achieved by syringing and probing in 133 cases (73%), intubation in 23 cases (78%) and DCR in 7 cases(58.3%). Patients with craniofacial syndromes required a statistically significant higher number of DCRs. Overall, epiphora was completed resolved in 81% cases, 6.3% partially resolved and is persistent in 12.7%. Conclusion: Multi-disciplinary approach to NLDO ensured efficient delivery of care by minimising number of procedures and hospital attendance. Congenital NLDO can be successfully treated in vast majority of cases with S&P and intubation. In cases with anatomical abnormalities, DCR should be considered early.

The influence of preloading on the residual fatigue life of nickel-based superalloys under elevated temperatures was investigated experimentally. A powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 was preloaded with different number of cycles, and the residual fatigue life was tested under subsequent high-amplitude loads. The test results show that the fatigue life of the material was increased when the preloading cycle number was within a specific range. At the same time, the fatigue life of virgin specimens under high-amplitude loads shows little scatter, which provides the possibility to consider the strengthening effect of low-amplitude loads. A novel damage accumulation model was proposed to incorporate the strengthening effect of low-amplitude loads into the life prediction framework. The proposed model provides better life prediction than some existing models. Finally, the proposed model was validated using experimental data for various materials under the low-high loading sequence.

Gametic isolation is thought to play an important role in the evolution of reproductive isolation in broadcast-spawning marine invertebrates. However, it remains uncertain whether gametic isolation typically develops early in the speciation process or accumulates after other reproductive barriers are already in place. It is also unknown whether gametic incompatibilities have effectively prevented introgression during later stages of divergence. Here, we use phylogenomic approaches to test whether the well-documented asymmetric gametic incompatibilities between strongylocentrotid urchins have been effective in preventing introgression. Despite a well-supported species tree, we found considerable phylogenetic discordance that cannot be explained by incomplete lineage sorting alone. There was strong support for introgression between at least four pairs of extant taxa: S. pallidus ↔ S. droebachiensis, S. intermedius ↔ S. pallidus, S. purpuratus ↔ S. fragilis, and M. franciscanus ↔ P. depressus. There was additional evidence for introgression on internal branches of the phylogeny. Although gametic incompatibilities may be important in species recognition and the maintenance of species boundaries in strongylocentrotid urchins, gametic isolation does not appear to have been an effective barrier to introgression. The continued divergence in the face of widespread introgression indicates that other reproductive isolating barriers likely exist and may have been more critical in establishing reproductive isolation early in speciation.

Human activities have altered the composition of species assemblages through the introduction of non-native species and the extinction of threatened species. However, it remains unclear whether non-native species can compensate for the loss of threatened species and thus maintain ecosystem functioning. Here we tested whether non-natives are functionally and/or phylogenetically similar (compensation hypothesis) or distinct (shift hypothesis) from native and threatened species on bird assemblages in 267 regions worldwide. We show that non-native species were more functionally distinct from threatened species than expected by chance but more phylogenetically related. Globally, this results in an increase in the functional richness of bird assemblages due to the introduction of new functional traits but a decrease in the phylogenetic richness due to the potential loss of phylogenetically unique threatened species. Furthermore, these patterns vary across continents, revealing the role of human history and footprint across the world and outlining priority areas where international bird conservation should focus. In the context of the biodiversity crisis and the increasing number of non-native species worldwide, the changes in the functional and phylogenetic structure of the bird communities might increase the vulnerability of ecosystems.

α-Glucosidase (AG) is a bifunctional enzyme, it has a capacity to synthesize 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) from L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) and low-cost maltose under mild conditions, but it can also hydrolyze AA-2G, which leads to low synthesis efficiency of AA-2G. Main Methods and Major Results This study introduces a rational molecular design strategy to regulate enzymatic reactions based on inhibiting the formation of ground state of enzyme-substrate complex. Y215 was analyzed as the key amino acid site affecting the affinity of AG to AA-2G and L-AA. For the purpose of reducing the hydrolysis efficiency of AA-2G, the mutant Y215W was obtained by analyzing the molecular docking binding energy and hydrogen bond formation between AG and the substrates. Compared with the wild type, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry(ITC) results showed that the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of the mutant for AA-2G was doubled; the Michaelis constant (Km) for AA-2G was reduced by 1.15 times; and the yield of synthetic AA-2G was increased by 39%. Conclusions and Implications Our work also provides a new reference strategy for the molecular modification of multifunctional enzymes and other enzymes in cascade reactions system.

[Abstract] Objective: To develop a pneumonia risk prediction model for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients to reduce unnecessary chest CT scans; Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients who visited outpatient and emergency clinics and underwent chest CT scans at the Mawangdui Branch of Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital from 20 December 2022 to 23 December 2022 and at the Tianxinge Branch of Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital from 1 January 2023 to 4 January 2023. A retrospective analysis of imaging and clinical data from 205 cases (training cohort) and 94 cases (validation cohort) of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients who visited outpatient and emergency clinics was conducted. The predictor variables were screened using the “univariate and then multivariate logistic regression” and “least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)” approaches, and the predictive model was constructed using multifactorial logistic regression and represented as a nomogram. The diagnostic effectiveness of the pneumonia risk model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves; the Delong test and Integrated Discrimination Improvement Index (IDI) were used to compare the AUC of the pneumonia risk model with the AUCs for predictors incorporated in the model alone. The calibration of the pneumonia risk model was assessed using calibration curves; Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical validity of the pneumonia risk model. In addition, a smoothed curve was fitted using a generalized additive model (GAM) to explore the relationship between the pneumonia grade and the model’s predicted probability of pneumonia; Results: “univariate and then multivariate logistic regression ” and Lasso regression together show that age, natural log-transformed value (InCRP), Monocytes percentage (%Mon) are valid predictors of pneumonia risk; the AUC of the pneumonia risk model was 0.7820 (95% CI: 0.7254-0.8439) in the training cohort and 0.8432 (95% CI: 0.7588-0.9151) in the validation cohort; at the cut-off value of 0.5, the sensitivity and specificity of the pneumonia risk model were 70.75%, 66.33% (training cohort), 76.09%, and 73.91% (validation cohort), the calibration curves showed that the pneumonia risk model has good calibration accuracy. The decision curve analysis showed that the pneumonia risk model has high clinical value in predicting the probability of pneumonia in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Conclusion: The pneumonia risk prediction model developed in this study can be used to predict the risk of pneumonia in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients diagnostically.

Biocatalysis in high-concentration organic solvents has been applied to produce various industrial products with many advantages. However, using enzymes in organic solvents often suffers from inactivation or decreased catalytic activity and stability. So, improving the tolerance of enzymes in organic solvents is essential. Herein, the method of regional random mutation combined with combinatorial mutation was used to improve the resistance of transaminase from Aspergillus terreus (AtATA) in organic solvents, and the best mutant T23I/T200K/P260S (M3) was acquired. In different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the catalytic efficiency toward 1-acetylnaphthalene and the stability were higher than the wild-type (WT) of AtATA. M3 also showed enhanced stability against six organic solvents with different oil-water partition coefficients (log P values). The results of decreased Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF) values via 20-ns molecular dynamics simulations under different concentration DMSO revealed that mutant M3 had lower flexibility, acquiring a more stable protein structure and contributing to its organic solvents stability than WT. Intra- and intermolecular interaction analysis indicated that the increased hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions within monomers or at the interface of two monomers also strengthened the stability of the overall structure against organic solvents. Furthermore, M3 was applied to convert 1-acetylnaphthalene for synthesizing (R)-(+)-1(1-naphthyl)-ethylamine ((R)-NEA), which was and an intermediate of Cinacalcet Hydrochloride. Moreover, 3~10 mM 1-acetylnaphthalene can be converted to (R)-NEA with 94.2~38.9% yield and a strict R-stereoselectivity within 10 h under 25% DMSO, which was higher than WT and expected to be a potential biocatalyst for industrial application.

TITLEA gigantic iliopsoas abscess in a patient with Alexander’s disease

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome also known as DRESS syndrome is considered as a severe and potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction. The pathogenesis of DRESS syndrome is still partially understood. Prior research has implicated viral infection or reactivation, specifically, human herpes viruses 6 and 7, Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus.We report a case of DRESS syndrome induced by allopurinol occurring 22 months after starting the treatment and which might have been triggered by concomitant infections.A 72-year-old man was put on allopurinol in February 2021.  Twenty months later, he was hospitalized for Klebsiella urinary tract infection associated with erysipelas that had evolved well after two weeks of antibiotherapy. On November 20, he presented a second episode of Enterococcus faecalis urinary tract infection. On December 5, he developed a pruritic maculopapular rash with fever (39.5°C). Skin examination showed a generalized infiltrated erythematous maculopapular eruption and facial edema. Complete blood counts showed total leucocyte count at 10.6 × 103/µl with eosinophils at 1.58 × 103/µl (14.9%). Histological findings were compatible with DRESS syndrome. Allopurinol was stopped. Skin condition improved within a month.A prolonged delay between the start of treatment and the appearance of a febrile rash should never exclude the diagnosis of Dress syndrome or delay its management.

Aim: In this study, sex education and counseling intervention was applied to pregnant women by using the Ex-PLISSIT model. Methods: This study was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group. The research involved primigravidas. The intervention was two times the application of sex education and counseling developed for pregnant women according to the Ex-PLISSIT Model (Experimental group: 35, Control group: 35). The haphazard sampling method, one of the non-random sampling methods, was used in the study. In the evaluation of sexuality, measurement tools were applied to all pregnant women three times. Results: It was observed that the training and counseling given to pregnant women according to the Ex-PLISSIT model significantly increased the scores of attitudes towards sexuality and quality of sexual life during pregnancy. It was found that it increased sexual function and sexual distress scores, but did not create a significant difference compared to the control group. Conclusion: Sex education and counseling developed according to the Ex-PLISSIT model for pregnant women are effective in developing a positive attitude towards sexuality and increasing the quality of sexual life during pregnancy. Sex education and counseling developed according to the Ex-PLISSIT model should be given to primigravidas.

This paper proposes a Nonlinear Adaptive Robust Control method that cooperates with Stiffness Regulating (NARCSR). The proposed approach utilizes an Independent Metering Valve (IMV) control structure and a real-time stiffness regulation strategy to minimize energy dissipation, maintain flow characteristics in the linear region, and prevent high gain and chattering. Additionally, the Nonlinear Adaptive Robust Control (NARC) technique is developed to handle parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities, enhancing the system’s robustness and adaptability. The novel NARC algorithm is demonstrated, coordinated with stiffness regulation based on the IMV structure. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed algorithm ensures the system operates within the linear region of flow characteristics, resulting in lower energy consumption and improved dynamic performance of the system.

Learning morphologically supplemented embedding spaces using cross-lingual models has become an active area of research and facilitated many research breakthroughs in various applications such as machine translation, named entity recognition, document classification, and natural language inference. However, the field has not become customary for Southern African low-resourced languages. In this paper, we present, evaluate and benchmark a cohort of cross-lingual embeddings for the English-Southern African languages on two classification tasks: News Headlines Classification (NHC) and Named Entity Recognition (NER). Our methodology considers four agglutinative languages from the eleven official South African languages: Isixhosa, Sepedi, Sesotho, and Setswana. Canonical correlation analyses and VecMap are the two cross-lingual alignment strategies adopted for this study. Monolingual embeddings used in this work are Glove (source), and FastText (source and target) embeddings. Our results indicate that with enough comparable corpora, we can develop strong inter-joined representations between English and the considered Southern African languages. More specifically, the best zero-shot transfer results on the available Setswana NHC dataset were achieved using canonically correlated embeddings with Multi-layered perceptron as the training model (54.5% accuracy). Furthermore, our NER best performance was achieved using canonically correlated cross-lingual embeddings with Conditional Random Fields as the training model (96.4% F1 score). Collectively, this study’s results were competitive with the benchmarks of the explored NHC and NER datasets, on both zero-short NHC and NER tasks with our advantage being the use of very minimal resources.

This study's primary objective is to demonstrate how diffusion-thermo and thermal diffusion influence of peristaltic flow processes with slip boundaries when joule heating happens from the interior. Several operational factors and their impacts on the system were analysed, along with the corresponding graphs. As slip parameters rise, the axial pressure gradient fluid flow tends to drop. The pressure rate is demonstrated to drop in the backward and peristaltic pumping regions as the quantity of the second order slide parameter rises, whereas it rises in the co-pump zone. As slip parameters rise, fluid temperature and concentration tend to drop. Changes in the thermal diffusion and thermo diffusion factors cause changes in the fluid's temperature and concentration. The Nusselts number can be increased by increasing the Prandtl number, the thermo-diffusion constraint, the dufour number, and the Schmidt number. However, this will result in fewer Sherwood number.

Objective This study aimed to construct active surveillance programs for anaphylaxis based on China Hospital Pharmacovigilance System(CHPS) and analyze the characteristics, allergens, and management for anaphylaxis in a tertiary hospital in China. Methods The anaphylaxis cases reported to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System in our hospital from 2014 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Characteristic medical orders, progress notes, and diagnoses in these cases were recorded to obtain initial anaphylaxis trigger entries. According to the initial entries, the questionnaire was designed, and the Delphi method was used to develop consensus entries for anaphylaxis triggers. The CHPS was used to program these trigger entries and construct active surveillance programs. The programs were then ran on the 238,194 discharged patients to evaluate their performance and analyze the relevant clinical data. Results A total of 10 anaphylaxis triggers and 3 active surveillance programs were finally identified. 309 cases were obtained by the active surveillance program, and 94 cases were identified as anaphylaxis after the manual screening. After removing duplicates,76 patients with 79 times of anaphylaxis were finally obtained. The positive rate of triggers and the positive predictive value (PPV) of the programs were 0.13% and 30.42%, respectively. The incidence of anaphylaxis in our study was 0.03%, and the number of anaphylaxis cases detected by the active surveillance programs was 5.64 times higher than that by the spontaneous reporting system. Anaphylaxis was more common in female patients. Antibacterial drugs, antineoplastic drugs, and contrast media were the most common allergens in clinical practice, and the proportion of anaphylaxis to antineoplastic drugs was highest (0.6%) when compared with patients admitted during the same period. Significant underuse of epinephrine and overuse of second-line therapy (glucocorticoids and antihistamines) existed in the management of anaphylaxis, and the usage and dosage of epinephrine were irrational. Conclusion CHPS can effectively use both structured and unstructured data to construct anaphylaxis active surveillance programs, and this could compensate for the under-reporting by spontaneous reporting system, which was the primary adverse reaction monitoring method in China. The treatment and management of anaphylaxis are inappropriate and needed to be improved to reduce the risk of death.

Team formation in an environment where some relevant parameters are not known in advance is a challenging problem. Communicating automata and distributed algorithms have been used to describe protocols for team formation. A high-level specification provides a mathematical description of a protocol or a program. TLA + is a formal specification language designed to provide high-level specifications of concurrent and distributed systems. The associated model checker known as TLC is capable of model checking the TLA + specifications. Recently formal specification of a team formation protocol is given using TLA + when there is a single initiator (an agent or a robot), that initiates the team formation. Using TLA +, we examine the formal specification for the multiple initiator situation and demonstrate that a composition technique can yield a single monolithic specification for the multiple initiator situation from the single initiator situation specification. We have used models of varying sizes, and the TLC model checker has confirmed that the protocol’s specifications meet certain desired characteristics in each case.

Aim Dysfunction of nitric oxide (NO) – soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) – cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling is implicated in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment and dementia. Zagociguat is a central nervous system-(CNS-) penetrant sGC stimulator designed to amplify NO-cGMP signalling in the CNS. This article reports on a phase 1b study evaluating the safety and pharmacodynamic effects of zagociguat. Methods In this randomized crossover study, 24 healthy participants ≥65 years of age were planned to receive 15 mg zagociguat or placebo once daily for two 15-day periods separated by a 27-day washout. Adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiograms, and laboratory tests to assess safety. Pharmacokinetics of zagociguat were evaluated in blood and CSF. Pharmacodynamic assessments included evaluation of cerebral blood flow, CNS tests, pharmaco-electroencephalography, passive leg movement, and biomarkers in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain. Results Twenty-four participants were enrolled and 12 participants completed both treatment periods, while 12 participants completed only one treatment period. Zagociguat was well tolerated and penetrated the blood-brain barrier. Zagociguat induced modest decreases in blood pressure. No consistent effects of zagociguat on other pharmacodynamic parameters were detected. Conclusion Zagociguat was well tolerated and induced modest systemic blood pressure reductions consistent with other sGC stimulators. No clear pharmacodynamic effects of zagociguat were detected, perhaps due to optimal CNS function in healthy participants. Studies in participants with proven reduced cerebral blood flow or CNS function may be an avenue for further evaluation of the compound.

Generally the evaluation of video quality is classified into two methods. They are subjective and objective analysis of video quality. Subjective analysis is conducted based on human perception since it is concerned with how video is perceived by a viewer or subject and expresses subjects opinion on a particular video sequence in comparison with its original video sequence. The subject has to vote for the video sequences under certain test environment conditions for example the ITU-Recommendations. Human perception is considered as the true judgment of video quality and precise measurement of perceptual quality but it is quite expensive and tedious in terms of time such as preparation, running and human resources. Objective quality assessment is therefore essential. Objective Video Quality Metric should be designed based on HVS (Human Visualizing System) characteristics. Some aspects of HVS like contrast, orientation sensitivity, spatial and temporal masking effects, frequency selectivity and color perception are incorporated in the design of objective quality metrics. Even though it is computationally very expensive and complex to design a quality metric with above aspects. It is useful for a wide range of applications if it correlates well with human perception. The impairments visibility which is related to video processing system is subjected to spatial and temporal properties of video content, since subjective analysis is quite expensive and time conservative method, objective metric has been developed considering HVS. In our research work we have done experiment on both subjective and objective analysis.